How is "substance use disorder" defined in the DSM-5 criteria?

The definition of "substance use disorder" in the DSM-5 criteria hinges on the concept of a problematic pattern of use that results in significant impairment or distress. This criterion reflects the understanding that substance use can lead to various negative outcomes in an individual’s life, which may include difficulties at work, challenges in social situations, or conflicts with legal issues. The DSM-5 emphasizes the impact of substance use on daily functioning and overall well-being, making it crucial to identify patterns that detract from an individual's quality of life.

In contrast, descriptions such as occasional misuse without long-term effects do not adequately capture the persistent and problematic nature of substance use disorder. Similarly, defining it solely by physical dependence fails to encompass the psychological and behavioral aspects of addiction, which are critical for a comprehensive understanding of the disorder. Lastly, referencing a brief period of abstinence followed by heavy use looks at only a specific behavior rather than capturing the broader scope of maladaptive patterns that constitute substance use disorder. Thus, the definition provided by option A offers a holistic view that aligns with the comprehensive DSM-5 criteria.