Stigma in addiction can lead to which of the following outcomes?

The correct outcome related to stigma in addiction is that it can lead to lower treatment seeking and increased isolation. Stigma often manifests as negative stereotypes, discrimination, and social exclusion, which can create significant barriers for individuals struggling with addiction. When people feel stigmatized, they may be less likely to seek help due to fear of judgment or societal repercussions. This reluctance can lead to increased isolation, as they may withdraw from social support systems and avoid professional treatment.

In contrast, the other options present outcomes that are contrary to the effects of stigma. Increased treatment referrals and a supportive recovery environment are generally promoted by reducing stigma, while stigma typically has the opposite effect. Enhanced community engagement would also require a more accepting and understanding attitude towards those with addiction, which is hindered by stigma rather than facilitated by it. Thus, the presence of stigma primarily correlates with lower treatment seeking and heightened feelings of isolation among individuals dealing with addiction issues.