What are some of the long-term adverse effects of crack cocaine?

Long-term use of crack cocaine has been associated with a variety of negative health effects, one of the most significant being weight loss. This occurs because crack cocaine is a powerful stimulant that can suppress appetite, leading users to eat less. Dehydration is also a common consequence due to the stimulant's effects on physical health; it may cause users to be less mindful of their hydration needs. Additionally, the intense highs associated with crack cocaine can lead to erratic behavior and neglect of personal health, contributing further to dehydration and malnutrition over time.

The other potential effects listed in the options do not align with the well-documented consequences of crack cocaine use. Weight gain and improved immune function, enhancement of cognitive abilities, increased energy, better respiratory health, and increased appetite are not typical outcomes for individuals who abuse crack cocaine. Instead, users typically experience a decline in overall physical health and well-being.