Which of the following is NOT one of Yalom’s therapeutic factors for group change?

Yalom's therapeutic factors for group change are key components that facilitate healing and growth among group members in a therapeutic setting. The inclusion of catharsis, intellectualization, and imitative behavior aligns with his framework, as these factors are recognized as important mechanisms through which group therapy can encourage emotional expression, intellectual understanding, and modeling of constructive behaviors.

Catharsis refers to the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from strong or repressed emotions, which can be particularly powerful in a group setting where sharing experiences leads to collective healing. Intellectualization involves the use of reason and logic to address emotional issues, helping group members understand their feelings and experiences more clearly, thus fostering insight and personal growth. Imitative behavior, or modeling, allows members to learn from each other by observing and mimicking positive behaviors that contribute to personal development and treatment progress.

In contrast, behavior modification, typically associated with the application of behavioral principles to reinforce desired behaviors and reduce undesired ones, does not specifically fit within Yalom's model of therapeutic factors. Instead, it is more aligned with behaviorist approaches, which focus on changing behavior through conditioning rather than the interplay of group dynamics and emotional connection emphasized in Yalom's framework. This distinction helps clarify why behavior modification does not